The agreement signing. (Image source: Aramco)

Aramco is strengthening its hydrogen business by acquiring an equity interest in the Jubail-based Blue Hydrogen Industrial Gases Company (BHIG), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Air Products Qudra (APQ)

On completion of the transaction, Aramco and APQ, a joint venture between Air Products and Qudra Energy, are expected to each own a 50% stake in BHIG. The deal will also include options for Aramco to offtake hydrogen and nitrogen.

Through its investment in BHIG, Aramco is looking to develop a lower-carbon hydrogen network in Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Province, serving both domestic and regional customers.

Expanding new energies

Ashraf Al Ghazzawi, Aramco executive vice president of Strategy & Corporate Development, said, “This investment highlights Aramco’s ambition to expand its new energies portfolio and grow its lower-carbon hydrogen business. We are delighted to partner with APQ on this journey and believe there are promising commercial opportunities for hydrogen with lower emissions. We intend to leverage our growing capabilities in carbon capture and storage (CCS), as well as our technical expertise in hydrogen, with the ambition to support the establishment of a vibrant marketplace for lower-carbon hydrogen – helping lay the foundations of a future energy system.”

Dr. Samir J. Serhan, Air Products Qudra chairman, said, “It is an honour to further extend Air Products Qudra’s strong partnership with Aramco, working to accelerate the hydrogen economy and driving the creation of the largest hydrogen network in the Middle East, which is expected to serve the refining, chemical, and petrochemical industries. We look forward to providing our expertise in hydrogen and pipeline operations and supporting Aramco’s need for a reliable supply of lower-carbon hydrogen for domestic and regional requirements.”

Aramco is developing and scaling alternative energies and technologies that are expected to be critical to lowering emissions and supporting the energy transition, including carbon capture and storage (CCS), blue hydrogen, blue ammonia, renewables, and synthetic fuels.

Oil demand is projected to decline over the outlook, but will continue to play a significant role in the next 10-15 years. (Image source: Adobe Stock)

The key trends and uncertainties surrounding the energy transition are explored in the latest edition of bp’s Energy Outlook

The challenges to the energy system and the implications of key shifts and trends are explored using two main scenarios: Current Trajectory and Net Zero. Together these scenarios span a wide range of the possible outcomes for the global energy system over the next 25 years.

In both scenarios, the structure of energy demand changes, with the importance of fossil fuels declining, replaced by a growing share of low carbon energy, led by wind and solar power.

Primary energy consumption grows by nearly 10% in Current Trajectory and declines around 25% in Net Zero. Growth in primary energy consumption varies from region to region. In developed economies and China, it declines in both scenarios. However, in emerging economies excluding China it grows by 1.3% per year in 2022-50 in Current Trajectory and declines by 0.3% per year in Net Zero, driven by rising prosperity and living standards.

Renewable energy to soar

Renewable energy is predicted to soar in both scenarios, growing by 3.3% to 4.6% per year in 2022-50. driving a faster decarbonisation of the energy system. Growth in installed capacity of wind and solar technologies combined in 2022-50 could grow between 10 and 14 times. The accelerated growth in renewable energy is partly due to higher power demand. The growth of wind and solar is supported by falling costs and a steadily increasing electrification of the energy system. The rising share of variable renewable energy in power generation requires global power systems to bolster their resilience to fluctuations in generation, by upgrading grids, and increasing system flexibility, storage, and reliable spare capacity.

Electricity generation grows strongly in 2022-2050, between 85% and 135%. This increase is driven by the rapid electrification of industry, transport, and buildings alongside the rise in green hydrogen production.

Oil demand declines over the outlook, by between 23% and 73%, but continues to play a significant role in the global energy system for the next 10-15 years and the demand for oil as a feedstock remains resilient. This requires continuing investment in upstream oil (and natural gas).

The decline in oil demand stems at first largely from the improving efficiency of conventional vehicles, but then over time increasingly from the electrification of road transport. The number of electric vehicles grows rapidly, underpinned by regulatory standards and increasing cost competitiveness. The share of oil and gas combined in primary energy in 2050 ranges from 27 % to 50%.

The path of natural gas consumption varies between scenarios, increasing by around 20% in Current Trajectory and declining by over 50% in Net Zero. In the latter scenario, around 80% of the gas consumed is in combination with a carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, contrasting with the limited use of CCS today.

In Net Zero, hydrogen production is fully decarbonised. Green hydrogen represents around 60% of the total low carbon hydrogen produced by 2050. In this scenario low carbon hydrogen production achieves around 390 Mt in 2050.

Declining emissions

Carbon emissions decline between 25% and 95% as the energy system electrifies and renewable energy grows strongly. Carbon emissions reduce to 31 and 2 Gt of CO2e in 2050 in Current Trajectory and Net Zero, respectively. Emissions in 2022 were 41 Gt of CO2e.

“The world is in an ‘energy addition’ phase of the energy transition in which it is consuming increasing amounts of both low carbon energy and fossil fuels,” said Spencer Dale, bp's chief economist, in the Foreword to the Outlook. "The challenge is to move – for the first time in history – to an ‘energy substitution’ phase, in which low carbon energy increases sufficiently quickly to allow the consumption of fossil fuels, and with that carbon emissions, to decline‎.”

Any successful and enduring transition needs to address all three elements of the energy trilemma, he added, with the security and affordability elements having been highlighted by the repercussions of the energy disruptions and shortages caused by the war in Ukraine.

“To shift the world from its current unsustainable emissions trajectory to a pathway consistent with the Paris climate goals, there is a need for greater electrification fuelled by even faster growth in wind and solar power, and a significant acceleration in energy efficiency improvements, together with increasing use of a whole range of other low carbon energy sources and technologies, including biofuels, low carbon hydrogen, and carbon capture, use and storage (CCUS),” Dale said.

The agreement signing. (Image source: ADNOC)

ADNOC has signed a general agreement with the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) for a US$3bn (AED11bn) green financing facility, to support its decarbonisation and energy transition initiatives

The credit facility is part of JBIC’s Global Action for Reconciling Economic Growth and Environmental preservation (GREEN) lending program and is partially supported by Japanese commercial banks.

Khaled Al Zaabi, ADNOC Group chief financial officer, said, “We are very pleased to once again partner with JBIC on ADNOC’s first green funding to accelerate our decarbonisation and energy transition initiatives. Proceeds of this credit facility will enable ADNOC’s strategy to support a just, orderly and equitable global energy transition. The agreement also marks the next milestone in the long-standing strategic energy relationship between the UAE and Japan.”

ADNOC is investing US$23bn (AED84.4bn) to decarbonise its operations and drive forward the growth of future energies, including hydrogen, geothermal, renewables and carbon capture technologies. ADNOC aims to achieve net zero by 2045 and zero methane emissions by 2030.

The agreement was signed on the sidelines of the Egypt-Eu investment conference. (Image source: bp)

bp has entered a Joint Development Agreement (JDA) to join a consortium comprising Masdar, Hassan Allam Utilities, and Infinity Power which will look at developing a multi-phase green hydrogen (gH2) project in Egypt

The partners will merge their respective gH2 projects in Egypt and consider the potential for a large-scale, multi-phase project focused on producing gH2 and its derivatives, primarily for export, with bp as the main developer and operator of the project

The newly-established consortium has signed a Framework Agreement (FWA) with the Egyptian government to begin studies to assess the project's technical and commercial feasibility, signed on the sidelines of the Egypt-EU Investment Conference.

Supporting Egypt's energy transition

"We are pleased that the signing coincides with our celebration of 60 years in Egypt, which clearly reflects our ongoing commitment to the country. Over the decades, we have been a key supplier of energy in Egypt, consistently working to meet its increasing energy demands while supporting its endeavours for a more sustainable energy future. The diverse experiences of partners in energy projects present a great opportunity for regional cooperation and accessing global markets, fundamentally supporting Egypt's energy transition plans." said Nader Zaki, bp's regional president for the Middle East and North Africa.

Mohammad Abdelqader El Ramahi, Masdar’s chief green hydrogen officer, said, “We welcome the addition of bp to the consortium, building on the well-established existing relationship between our companies and supporting Masdar’s ambition to drive the development of green hydrogen around the world. We already have plans to develop green hydrogen projects in Egypt and this agreement reinforces Masdar and the UAE’s commitment to Egypt to realise its massive clean energy and green hydrogen potential, alongside our Africa renewable energy champion IPH.”

Amr Allam, co-CEO Hassan Allam Holding, said, "Joining forces with bp, Masdar, and Infinity Power in this consortium is a significant step towards advancing the development of green hydrogen and anchoring Egypt as a key player in this sector. Our combined local and global expertise will create economic opportunities and contribute to a cleaner and greener future for Egypt and help to decarbonise hard-to-abate sectors globally relying on fossil fuels.”

Nayer Fouad, CEO of Infinity Power said, “We know Africa has abundant renewable resources, and this hydrogen export hub will take advantage of these resources and bring environmental and economic benefits to Egypt and other nations. Hydrogen power is an incredibly exciting technology, and this export hub can help to power green industry in Africa and beyond and strengthen Egypt’s role as a leader in green power."

See also https://oilreviewmiddleeast.com/energy-transition/scaling-up-the-hydrogen-economy

https://oilreviewmiddleeast.com/energy-transition/cutting-edge-innovations-boosting-investment-in-green-hydrogen-globaldata