Industry

LNG trade grew by 2.3% in 2023. (Image source: Adobe Stock)

The IGU's 15^th annual World LNG Report highlights the evolving role of LNG and its crucial role for the energy transition and energy security

LNG has become a critical component of the global energy mix, with its role as a flexible, highly efficient, and reliable resource continuing to grow. Several proposed projects are undertaking innovative emissions-reducing measures to decarbonise the LNG value chain by integrating renewable electricity, carbon capture and storage, partnering to develop e-methane, and grow bio-LNG, or liquefied biomethane, which is produced from capturing and upgrading biogas that would have otherwise been emitted from landfills, agricultural waste, or other feedstock.

Global LNG trade grew by 2.1% in 2023, according to the report, to more than 401 million tonnes (MT), After two years of severe instability, the LNG market reached a fragile equilibrium, given lack of spare supply in the near-term.

Supply constrained

Supply remained constrained, with just 0.8% YOY growth from Indonesia's 3.8 MTPA addition at Tangguh LNG. However, global liquefaction capacity is likely to grow to over 700 MTPA by 2030, driven by new FIDs and the start-up of projects currently under construction to support growing demand, particularly in the growing Asian markets, where environmental considerations have led to a focus on coal to gas switching.

The USA became the largest producer and exporter (84.53 MT in 2023 vs 75.63 MT in 2022), followed by Australia (79.56 MT), Qatar (78.22 MT), and Russia (31.36). 

China was the largest LNG importer at 71.19 MT, followed by Japan, Korea and India, with more demand responding to the lower spot price. Europe remained the second-largest importing region at 121.29 MT in 2023. With LNG supplying almost half of Europe's gas, the competition between Asian and European markets remains a key market dynamic.

The global LNG market continues to rapidly evolve as it responds to growing gas demand in emerging markets, the increasing number and diversification of market participants, and the acceleration of technology development and innovation.

However, several major uncertainties may have an impact on the market, such as the Biden Administration non-FTA LNG project approvals pause, which could delay over 70 MTPA of new capacity; sanctions on Russian LNG, which impact almost 20 MTPA of expected capacity; the possibility that Ukraine may not extend the Russian gas transit deal at the end of 2024; shipyard bottlenecks; the ongoing security risk in the Middle East; as well as some declining gas field supply. More than 120 MTPA of currently operational liquefaction capacity is over 20 years old, and some of these facilities are being mothballed due to insufficient upstream gas production, creating supply side risk.

IGU president, Li Yalan commented, “The LNG industry has demonstrated incredible agility and innovation through some of the toughest tests over the recent years, and this is an industry that continues to play a pivotal role to navigate through an energy crisis that has not yet been fully resolved and an energy transition that has been challenged.

“As the world moves toward a low emissions future, nations are seeking ways to achieve their climate commitments while keeping energy affordable, available, and secure. LNG is a tool that will be critical to providing greater resiliency for rapidly changing energy systems around the world, and it will have an essential role mitigating the inherent risk of uncertainty through that process.”

Nabeel Iqbal, sales manager, Cleanova (centre) with Saudi Technic Industries representatives Fawzi Aqel – general manager (left) and Fouad Qadir - business development manager (right). (Image source: Cleanova)

Filtration solutions provider Cleanova has renewed its partnership with Saudi Technic Industries (STI) as the official supplier of Dollinger filtration, Plenty process filtration and Plenty strainers, along with aftermarket services

Formed in October 2023, Cleanova provides innovative filtration solutions that improve efficiency, reduce emissions and minimise waste. They are seeing increasing demand given the growing focus on environment protection and the energy transition.

Paul Baker, sales director for Cleanova, said, “With our aligned mission to exceed the expectations of our customers and deliver high-quality products alongside ongoing aftermarket support, we look forward to continuing to partner with Saudi Technic Industries. We can continue to combine technical expertise with local knowledge and experience to provide a comprehensive service to customers in the region”

Fawzi Aqel, general manager of STI, added, "The oil and gas industry plays a pivotal role in the transformation outlined in Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. With over four decades of experience, STI is proud to partner with Cleanova to advance this vision. Together, we will deliver cutting-edge and innovative filtration and separation solutions, setting new standards of excellence and driving progress within the industry."

Hanadi Khalife, head of Middle East, ICAEW. (Image source: ICAEW)

The latest Economic Insight report for the Middle East, commissioned by ICAEW and compiled by Oxford Economics, highlights the impact of extended oil production cuts on growth in the GCC region

The GCC growth forecast has been revised down to 2.2% from 2.7% three months ago, although non-energy sectors remain resilient, according to the report.

Due to the OPEC+ group’s extension of voluntary output cuts through Q3, GCC oil output will decline by 2.6% this year, according to the report. Saudi Arabia, which is bearing the brunt of production cuts, will see oil activities contract by 5% this year, down from a predicted growth of 0.7% three months ago. However, as voluntary production cuts are reversed in 2025, energy sectors will begin making positive contributions to GCC growth.

Qatar’s GDP growth for this year is forecast at 2.2% and is expected to rise to 2.9% in 2025, as a result of its North Field gas expansion project, which is not affected by OPEC+ production quotas. Bahrain’s GDP growth is 3.1% this year, but is expected to slow to 1.4% in 2025. The country continues to diversify its economy and reduce reliance on oil revenues.

Positive outlook for non-oil sectors 

There is a positive outlook for non-energy sectors across the GCC, which will continue to grow. In Saudi Arabia, giga-projects are expected to boost investments in construction, manufacturing and transportation. Strong momentum in the sports and entertainment, hospitality and tourism sectors are expected given the Vision 2030 focus on these sectors. Tourism is a strategic sector in other countries too, and will remain a key growth driver. Tourism activity has rebounded strongly, with record visitor numbers across the GCC in 2023, extending into this year.

Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Kuwait are likely to record see budget deficits this year and in 2025 as the current oil price level is below the fiscal breakeven point, the report forecasts. However, the overall GCC budget position will likely remain in surplus, bolstered by strong financial standings and favourable credit ratings, allowing continued access to funding from capital markets and IPOs.

Hanadi Khalife, head of Middle East, ICAEW, said, “While geopolitical risks present headwinds for the GCC and wider Middle East, we are encouraged by the ongoing commitment to diversification and sustainability targets. Qatar, for example, became the first GCC sovereign to issue green bonds despite not having explicit net-zero targets. Bahrain is also aligning its non-oil economic growth with its Economic Vision 2030 and COP28 commitments to reduce carbon emissions by 30% by 2035.”

Scott Livermore, ICAEW economic advisor, and chief economist and managing director, Oxford Economics Middle East, added, “Although the region faces escalating pressures amid slowing global economies, the GCC remains relatively positive due to strong bilateral deals and investment.”

Aarti Dange, customer experience leader, Middle East and Africa and MEA DE&I leader, at Emerson. (Image source: Emerson)

On the occasion of International Women in Engineering Day on 23 June, Aarti Dange, customer experience director, Middle East and Africa and MEA DE&I leader, Emerson, shared her experiences and insights on providing a supportive environment for women in engineering

Can you give us some background about your role, and how you came to get where you are today?

My role at Emerson is multifaceted, allowing me to leverage my engineering background and my passion for innovation. As the customer experience director and diversity, equity, and inclusion (DE&I) leader for Middle East and Africa, I support marketing and business development functions as well as product development for new digital solutions. I strongly believe in the power of diversity, equity and inclusion in the workplace, and therefore I constantly strive to create a working environment where everybody feels valued and empowered.

My journey to this point began with my keen interest in the energy sector. It is a constantly evolving field, driven by innovation, creative ideas, and various challenges such as sourcing new energy resources from increasingly intricate places like deep underground or under the ocean. This calls for the employment of cutting-edge technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. It is fascinating and inspiring to see how these advanced technologies constantly improve and drive positive change, whether in finding new energy sources or making processes safer. Nevertheless, there exists several challenges in the industry, such as the cyclic nature of the industry and its impact on the environment. These challenges, however, open doors to innumerable opportunities for innovation and sustainable energy solutions.

What are the main challenges you have experienced as a woman engineer so far in your career, and how have you overcome them?

As we know, the engineering industry has traditionally been a male-dominated field, which can create a culture that may not be inclusive or supportive of women. Additionally, specific roles in the industry, particularly those involving work on rigs or in remote locations, may set forth physical demands that can be challenging for women. In order to overcome these challenges, I focused on honing and expanding my technical skills and expertise as well as staying current on the most recent technologies. This commitment earned me acceptance and respect from my male counterparts at the company.

I also strived to demonstrate diligence and confidence in my work in order to challenge existing biases, pursued opportunities for professional development and endeavoured to build a robust network within the industry. Industry events, conferences, and workshops not only broadened my skillset and knowledge but also enabled me to connect with other fellow women engineers..

Overall, my journey as a woman engineer, despite all the hurdles in the historically male-dominated industry, has been challenging and rewarding at the same time. Through perseverance, seeking mentorship, advocating for myself, and committing to positive change, I have been able to achieve success.

What do you think have been your main achievements, and what are your aspirations and ambitions for the future?

One of the major achievements that stands out as a pivotal milestone in my career is being selected for the SPE (Society of Petroleum Engineers) Distinguished Lecture Program. Being selected for this program recognises my expertise and contributions to the field and empowers me to make a meaningful impact beyond my immediate sphere of influence, enabling me to serve as a technology ambassador for the oil and gas industry globally. Representing the industry and having the opportunity to inspire and educate individuals about the developments and challenges in the oil and gas industry is a humbling yet thrilling experience. It reaffirms my dedication to remain at the forefront of technological advancements and exchange insightful knowledge with the global community. I consider this achievement as a tremendous honour and responsibility that I deeply cherish.

What do you think companies could do to create a more inclusive and supportive environment for women in engineering, and help them advance in the industry?

Companies can offer training for their employees, particularly those engaged in hiring and promotion procedures, to identify and address unconscious bias. This can guarantee that women are evaluated fairly according to their qualifications and skillset. Furthermore, companies can host diversity events, honour accomplishments of female engineers, and foster an inclusive workplace where all employees are treated equally and fairly, and feel valued.

Mentorship and sponsorship programmes can be established, which can help women engineers to overcome challenges in the field by allowing them to interact with seasoned professionals and mentors who can offer guidance, support, and opportunities for professional growth. Providing women engineers with specialised training programmes, conferences, workshops, and other professional development opportunities can help them grow their skills and networks, in addition to advancing their career in this industry.

One initiative that has received significant recognition is the ‘Women in Engineering (WIE)’ program by the Society of Women Engineers (SWE) which offers networking events, professional development workshops, mentorship opportunities, and advocacy for gender diversity in the field of engineering.

How do you think young girls and women can be encouraged to pursue careers in engineering?

Gender stereotypes in around science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) careers must be dispelled, and this starts with early childhood education and interventions for boys and girls. Encouraging young girls and women to pursue engineering career needs an interdisciplinary strategy that includes diversity initiatives, supportive environments, and exposure.

One successful method is to introduce girls to this field at a young age through various means, such as STEM education programs through schools and organisations. For example, the ‘Girls Who Code’ organisation seeks to bridge the gender gap in technology by providing young girls from diverse backgrounds with coding education. Academic institutions can provide STEM education focusing on female students. These programs can include engineering-related workshops, mentorship opportunities, and hands-on activities. Showcasing success stories of accomplished female engineers will encourage young girls to consider this field as a feasible career option. Likewise, parents have a great influence in shaping children’s career aspirations and professional goals. They can support the interest of their daughters in STEM subjects and offer resources for them to learn more about engineering.

Creating supportive environments through mentorship, networking opportunities, and offering a safe space to address bias and stereotypes is crucial for retaining women in the field of engineering. All these strategies contribute to empowering and encouraging women to pursue careers in engineering as well as help them succeed in the industry.

What future do you see for women in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM), and the opportunities on offer in these sectors?

I see a promising future for women in STEM. Over the past few decades, women have made great strides in the STEM professions, and this trend is only anticipated to increase. STEM sectors offer diverse opportunities to individuals with varying backgrounds and interests. These industries have a growing need for qualified workers and provide excellent career prospects, competitive pay, and opportunities for advancement.