Many of the worlds biggest energy companies may have to surrender most of the gas from Iraqs vast southern oilfields to a processing and export project led by Shell, a final draft contract between Baghdad and Europes biggest company, obtained by Reuters, shows.
Oil giants including Royal Dutch Shell, BP, US-based Exxon, China's CNPC, and Italy's Eni signed technical service contracts to develop three oilfields in southern Iraq in 2009-2010. But the oil deals to develop the Zubair, Rumaila and West Qurna 1 fields near Basra oblige the big oil contractors to surrender the gas they do not use for reinjection or power generation to Iraq's state-run South Gas Co (SGC).
Under the US$17-billion gas deal that is to be ratified by the Iraqi cabinet, Baghdad has pledged to do what it takes to ensure these fields supply the Shell-led Basra Gas Company (BGC) joint venture with all the raw gas and natural gas liquids (LNG) it needs, including for an LNG export plant.
"[The] SGC shall [ensure] that all raw gas produced from the dedicated fields [other than utilised gas but including all NGLs]... shall, on and from commencement of operations, be dedicated solely to the venture," the contract reads.
"The ministry shall ensure that [the] SGC fulfils its obligation to supply and make available to [the] BGC all committed volumes and planned volumes of raw gas, including by making available deficit volumes as needed," said a letter of confirmation from the Energy Ministry attached to the contract.
Under the terms of the oil contracts, the SGC owns all the gas not used for oil recovery or power generation at the oil fields.
With production from some of the world's largest underdeveloped oilfields expected to surge over the next decade, there is likely to be much more gas than the country needs before long. The other big oil companies could propose alternatives for using some of it and some are understood to be considering their own gas projects.
But the oil ministry's confirmation letter attached to the deal said the government will make sure the SGC meets its side of the supply deal and ensure that other parties do not prevent it from doing so, including "not permitting any other entity to do a specified thing."
The quantities of raw unprocessed gas the SGC will deliver to the Shell-led joint venture are not in the draft and will be revised in line with output from the oilfields. But the signatories expect dedicated volumes at plateau of at least two billion standard cubic feet per day of raw gas to be available - a vital part of Iraq's master plan to boost electricity and domestic industry output.
