Mohamed Zouari, general manager for the Middle East, Africa, and Turkey at global AI and data cloud company Snowflake, argues that the future of oil and gas hinges on integrating AI and data throughout the value chain

Energy, the driver of the global economy, is undergoing one of the largest shifts of our time, propelled by hundreds of trillions of dollars in global investment over the next 25 years. The Middle East, home to the world's lowest-cost producers and the largest reserves, is positioned at the heart of this transformation. According to OPEC, the region is forecast to provide nearly 60% of global oil exports by 2050.

Against this backdrop, Middle Eastern nations are embedding digital transformation in their national strategies. The UAE’s forward-thinking initiatives, like Masdar City, alongside Saudi Arabia’s giga projects under Vision 2030, illustrate the regional ambition to lead in innovation. With oil exports comprising about 30% of the UAE’s GDP alone, the stakes are high. Data and AI are emerging as vital tools in this evolution, enabling companies to modernise infrastructure, generate real-time insights, and align operational decisions with long-term business objectives. As energy companies navigate this landscape, data and AI are becoming critical enablers for growth, operational excellence, long-term resilience and informed strategy across the oil and gas value chain.

Navigating the digital age

While the opportunity is immense, oil and gas companies face several critical challenges on the path to transformation.

One major obstacle is the need to digitise ageing infrastructure. Decades-old grids and oil wells must now integrate with millions of IoT-enabled assets like wind turbines and solar panels, creating an influx of zettabytes of operational and information technology data that requires efficient ingestion, cleaning, and analysis to drive smarter, faster decision-making.

Extreme weather, geopolitical dynamics, and the variability of renewable energy sources are contributing to more volatile commodity markets. Stable long-term contracts signed with countries like China, Japan, and India offer some security, but sophisticated data analytics are crucial to managing financial exposure and mitigating risks. Enhanced by AI and ML, predictive models can now draw on both internal and external data sources to forecast price fluctuations and demand trends more accurately, helping companies navigate volatile markets with greater confidence.

Corporations now demand rigorous environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting, while consumers seek intuitive, tech-driven home energy systems. Energy service providers – from utilities to oil and gas firms – must be agile, transparent, and responsive or risk falling behind.

Compounding these challenges is the overwhelming volume of unstructured data, which now represents 90% of all data according to Snowflake’s Data Trends Report. Without a centralised, secure, and scalable data infrastructure, energy companies will struggle to extract actionable insights.

AI and data strategies in practice

Modern AI and data strategies are offering new pathways to navigate this complex environment. Organisations are moving beyond traditional data management toward platforms that can unify siloed information, enable seamless collaboration across ecosystems, and deliver near real-time insights at scale.

At the core of this transformation is the ability to bring together operational, financial, and customer data into a unified environment. By doing so, oil and gas companies gain a single source of truth that supports more informed decision-making across their entire value chain – from field operations to trading desks to customer-facing platforms.

AI is also fundamentally reshaping how companies approach forecasting, maintenance, and customer engagement. Machine learning models are increasingly used to detect anomalies in equipment performance, allowing for predictive maintenance that minimises costly downtime. In trading operations, AI-driven models help forecast commodity prices with greater accuracy, enabling companies to optimise their portfolios and manage risk proactively.

For personalised customer engagement, companies can leverage real-time customer data and generative AI capabilities to deliver tailored recommendations and intuitive energy management solutions, improving satisfaction and loyalty in a highly competitive market.

Organisations that focus on building robust data foundations are better positioned to drive tangible outcomes, from optimising asset utilisation to accelerating sustainability initiatives. Snowflake’s research shows that 92% of early adopters have already realised a return on their AI investments, and 98% plan to increase AI spending in 2025.

With AI’s contribution to regional economies forecast to grow between 20% and 34%, AI is becoming a blueprint for the next generation of energy operations. The ability to seamlessly integrate and analyse vast, diverse data sets in real time is becoming a decisive competitive advantage.

The next chapter

By embracing AI and modern data strategies, oil and gas companies can digitise operations, manage volatility, anticipate customer needs, and chart a course for long-term resilience and growth – a necessary shift as fragmented data infrastructures and talent shortages remain real hurdles.

In a world increasingly defined by energy transition, those who invest early in scalable data and AI capabilities will not just survive – they will lead. The region’s commitment to digital innovation positions it well to remain a global energy powerhouse well into the future.

New US tariffs and escalating global trade tensions have impacted vessel markets in the first half of 2025, depressing investment in some sectors while accelerating strategic orders in others, according to a report by Veson Nautical, a leading provider of maritime freight management solutions and data intelligence

Tanker slowdown

The tanker sector saw a marked slowdown, with newbuilding orders down 74% y-o-y and S&P volumes falling by 31%. Softer earnings and regulatory uncertainty were key drivers. Medium Range 2 (MR2) product tankers bucked the trend, accounting for over a third of transactions as buyers capitalised on lower values. Usually sized between 45,000 and 55,000 DWT, MR2s are product tankers that typically ship gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and other refined products across regional and intercontinental routes. Values for 15-year-old units fell by 24%, drawing renewed interest in ageing but versatile tonnage.

Pressure on the LNG carrier sector

The LNG carrier sector came under sustained pressure during the first six months of 2025, with average time charter earnings for large vessels falling by 66% y-o-y. The decline was driven by continued fleet expansion outpacing demand growth, along with weaker seasonal fundamentals. As rates fell, demolition activity increased sharply, with seven vessels scrapped—a 250% rise on the same period in 2024. Older steam turbine vessels saw the steepest value declines, with 15-year-old units down by more than 8%. While demand for LNG is expected to rise in the coming years, the current tonnage surplus is likely to keep pressure on earnings through the rest of 2025.

Tariff uncertainty hits the LPG carrier sector

In the liquid petroleum gas (LPG) carrier market, S&P activity slowed by 25% y-o-y, weighed down by trade policy uncertainty between the US and China. Newbuilding orders dropped by 80% compared with the same period last year. Most activity was concentrated at the very large and small ends of the fleet, with limited momentum in the midsize space. Values fell across the board, though long-term averages remain high by historical standards.

“Geopolitical pressure is no longer a background factor; it’s shaping the way owners think about risk, timing and capital,” said Matt Freeman, chief market analyst at Veson Nautical. “From regulation to rerouting, disruption is now part of the operating environment, and owners are recalibrating their strategies accordingly.”

bp and Shell have signed agreements with Libya’s National Oil Corporation (NOC) to evaluate hydrocarbon redevelopment prospects in some of Libya’s major oilfields

Under the MoU signed by bp, the company will evaluate redevelopment opportunities in the mature giant Sarir and Messla oilfields in Libya’s Sirte basin, including the exploration potential of adjacent areas, and look at the wider unconventional oil and gas potential within the country.

The agreement provides a framework for bp to assess a range of technical data and to work with the NOC to evaluate opportunities and determine the feasibility of future development and exploration programmes.

William Lin, bp executive vice president gas & low carbon energy, said: “This agreement reflects our strong interest in deepening our partnership with NOC and supporting the future of Libya’s energy sector. We hope to apply bp’s experience from redeveloping and managing giant oil fields around the world to help optimise the performance of these world-class assets. We look forward to conducting thorough studies, working closely with NOC, to evaluate the resource potential of this promising region.”

The Sarir and Messla oilfields are among Libya’s largest, offering scope for a significant potential addition to bp’s Libya portfolio, according to a bp statement.

bp has confirmed its intention to resume operations in Libya and reopen its office in the capital, Tripoli, within the last quarter of 2025. bp resumed exploration in the onshore areas of Libya in 2023 after a 10-year joatis. along with a number of other international oil companies.

The MoU was signed at a ceremony in London, when Eng. Masoud Suleman, chairman of the NOC, welcomed bp’s return to operations in Libya and the expansion of the partnership between the two parties. He called for the cooperation between the NOC and bp to include training technical and leadership staff in Libya’s oil sector.

The NOC has also reached an agreement with Shell for the company to evaluate hydrocarbon prospects and conduct a comprehensive technical and economic feasibility study to develop the al-Atshan field and other fields fully owned by the NOC.

Libya is currently producing around 1.2mn bpd but is looking to bump this up to 2mn bpd by 2028. However, progress has been hampered by political unrest and factionalism in the aftermath of the civil war, and the existence of two rival governments. Libya is keen to attract international companies to redevelop its oil and gas sector, and there is significant international interest in its largely untapped hydrocarbon potential, as demonstrated by the number of bids submitted following the launch of its international bid round earlier this year, results of which are expected in around November. This offers 22 blocks for exploration and development (11 Offshore and 11 Onshore) including areas with undeveloped discoveries estimated to contain a minimum of 2.0 Bboe in hydrocarbon resources.